Dear Readers, Welcome to Awareness Adda. In the Previous article, we discussed and the introduction of Biology and Cytology today we will learn about Virus. All these notes are very important to the examinations like SSC, RRB etc.. it is an important topic in chemistry. all these notes help you to get a good score in your examinations. Let’s go to the article.

VIRUS

            The virus is a microorganism which is found in the form of a parasite in the living cells of the organisms. Viruses was discovered by a Russian scientist

The virus was discovered by a Russian scientist “Dimitry Ivanovsky” in 1892 the investigation of a plant disease called “tobacco Mosail”.

The virus is also known as a poison.

Generall characteristics of the viruses:

1. There is a complete lack of cellular level composition like cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell organelles etc.. in the viruses.
2. Viruses have either DNA or RNA but both never and there are composed of nucleoproteins.
3. The virus affects only a certain species and it is assumed as accessories of living and non-living organisms. Thus viruses exhibit the properties of both living and non-living.

Properties of living and non living Virus.

S.NO	LIVING	NON LIVING
1	The presence of DNA or RNA.	The absence of cell.
2	Structural diversity.	The lack of protoplasm.
3	Geneticity and parasitic properties.	No reproductive and growth outside of the living cell.
4	Sensitivity and evolution.	Stored in the form of Crystal outside the living cell.
5	To Spread diseases.	The lack of metabolic activities like nutrition, digestion etc.

Structure and types of Virus:

            There are three main constituents in the structure of a virus protein, capsid, nucleic acid and a thick outer layer. In plant virus, nucleic acid RNA is present, while the animal virus nucleic acid DNA is present.

On the basis of parasitic nature, viruses are three types.

Plant Virus:

            This is a nucleic acid of RNA. The virus YMV(Yellow Mosaic Virus) is a plant Virus

Animal Virus:

            This is a nucleic acid of DNA or RNA and usually spherical in shape.The viruses like influenza, mumps etc.

Bacteriophage:

            Such viruses only depend on bacteria and in these viruses DNA are present only and can destroy other viruses.

Advantages of the virus:

• It is used to study of biotechnology.
• viruses are helpful in cleaning the blue-green algae.

Disadvantages of Virus: 

• Usually, viruses spread various diseases in the plant, animals, human beings whose in brief profile can be given below.

Virus diseases in Plants:

S.NO	PLANTS	DISEASES
1	Tomato	Twisted leaf disease
2	Lemon	Yellowing of veius
3	Almond	Streak pattern
4	Mustard	Mosaic
5	Seasamum	Phyllody
6	Beet root	Twisted Apex
7	Lady finger	Yellow Veinmosaic
8	Sugarcane	Grass shoot disease
9	Papaya	Mosaic
10	Banana	Mosaic

Virus Diseases in Animals:

S.NO	ANIMAL	VIRUS	DISEASES
1	Cow	HerpesVirus	Herpes
2	Cow	Blue tung virus	Blue tung
3	Cow	Varirola vaccinea	Small pox
4	Buffalo	Poxverdi ortnopox	Small pox
5	Domestic animals	Rabdovergi vasculo virus	Fever
6	Dog	Stereit virus	Rabies
7	Cow and Buffalo	Picorna verdi aphtho virus	Mouth& gland infection
8	Cow and Buffalo	Paramixoverdi Morbeli virus	Renderpest disease

VIRUS DISEASES IN HUMAN BEINGS:

S.NO	DISEASES	AFFECTED ORGANS
1	AIDS	Immune System
2	Hydro phobia	Immune System
3	Polio	Immune System
4	Encephalitis	Immune System
5	Infuenza	Respiratory System
6	Mumps	Parotidgiands
7	Herpes	Skin
8	Measies	Entire body
9	Small Pox	Entaire body
10	Trachoma	Eye

            In next article, we will provide more notes about Biology. if you want to know all notes on Biology click here. So keep in touch with us in Awareness Adda. These topics are very useful to you for getting a good score in your examinations and always remember that “Some fish love to swim upstream. Some people love to overcome challenges”. So prepare well All The Best. Thank you.